American College of Surgeons Quality Programs Strong for Surgery Information for Clinicians Checklist References For Clinicians Nutrition Smoking Cessation Glycemic Control Medication Safe and Effective Pain Control Delirium Prehabilitation Patient Directives References Checklist References Nutrition Checklist Screening for Malnutrition Mueller C, Compher C, Ellen DM, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N) Board of Directors. ASPEN Clinical Guidelines: Nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention in adults. JPEN. 2011;35(1):16-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224430 Risk stratification with Albumin Hennessey DB, Burke JP, Ni-Dhonochu T, Shields C, Winter DC, Mealy K. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for the development of surgical site infection following gastrointestinal surgery: A multi-institutional study. Ann Surg. 2010; 252(2):325-329. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647925 Gibbs J, Cull W, Henderson W, Daley J, Hur K, Khuri SF. Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of operative mortality and morbidity: Results from the National VA Surgical Risk Study. Arch Surg. 1999; 134:36-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927128 Benefits of Immunonutrition Drover JW, Dhaliwal R, Weitzel L, Wischmeyer PE, Ochoa JB, Heyland DK. Perioperative use of arginine-supplemented diets: A systemic review of the evidence. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(3):385-399. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247782 Marimuthu K, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of the effect of combinations of immune modulating nutrients on outcome in patients undergoing major open gastrointestinal surgery. Ann Surg. 2012; 255(6):1060-1068. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549749 Blood Sugar Control Checklist Vastag B. Health Agencies Update—Prediabetes screening urged. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2494. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194917 American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33 Suppl 1:S11-S61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20042772 Joshi GP, Chung F, Vann MA, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia consensus statement on perioperative blood glucose management in diabetic patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(6):1378-1387. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889933 Loh-Trivedi M. Perioperative management of the diabetic patient. Medscape, updated Mar 29, 2011. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/284451-overview#showall Dhatariya K, Levy N, Kilvet A, et al. NHS Diabetes guidelines for the perioperative management of the adult patient with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2012;29(4):420-433. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288687 Hirsch IB, McGill JB, Cryer PE, White PF. Perioperative management of surgical patients with diabetes mellitus. Anesthesiology. Feb 1991;74(2):346-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990909 Medication Checklist Bleeding Risks Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141 (2): e326S-e350S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315266 Hall R and Mazer CD. Antiplatelet drugs: a review of their pharmacology and management in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg. 2011;112:292-318. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212258 Beta-Blockers Kwon S, Thompson R, Florence M, et al. β-blocker continuation after noncardiac surgery: A report from the surgical care and outcomes assessment program. Arch Surg. 2012;147(5):467-473. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249847 Aspirin Use Gerstein NS, Schulan PM, Gerstein WH, et al. Should more patients continue aspiring therapy perioperatively?: Clinical impact of aspirin withdrawal syndrome. Ann Surg. 2012;255(5):811-819. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470078 Herbal Supplements Qato DM, Alexander GC, Conti RM, Johnson M, Schumm P, Lindau ST. Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2867-2878. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109115 Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan C. Herbal medicines and perioperative care. JAMA. 2001;286:208-216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11448284 Smoking Cessation Checklist Smoking and Increased Postoperative Risks Hawn MT, Houston TK, Campagna EJ, et al. The attributable risk of smoking on surgical complications. Ann Surg. 2011;254(6):914–920. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21869677 Turan A, Mascha EJ, Roberman D, et al. Smoking and perioperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(4):837–846. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372682 Smoking and Spine Surgery Pearson A, Lurie J, Tosteson T, et al. Who should have surgery for an intervertebral disc herniation? Comparative effectiveness evidence from the spine patient outcomes research trial. Spine. 2012;37(2):140-149. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681140 Pearson A, Lurie J, Tosteson T, Zhao W, Abdu W, Weinstein JN. Who should have surgery for spinal stenosis? Treatment effect predictors in SPORT. Spine. 2012;37(21):1791-1802. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23018805 Sandén B, Försth P, Michaëlsson K. Smokers show less improvement than nonsmokers two years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 4555 patients from the Swedish spine register. Spine. 2011;36(13):1059-1064. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224770 Andersen T, Christensen FB, Laursen M, Høy K, Hansen ES, Bünger C. Smoking as a predictor of negative outcome in lumbar spinal fusion. Spine. 2001;26(23):2623-2628. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11725245 Safety of Smoking in the Preoperative Setting Shi Y, Warner DO. Brief preoperative smoking abstinence: is there a dilemma? Anesth Analg. 2011;113(6):1348-1351. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965356 Wong J, Lam DP, Abrishami A, Chan MTV, Chung F. Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anesth, 2011;59(3):268-279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22187226 Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2011;124(2):144-154.e8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295194 Preoperative Smoking Cessation Programs Reduce Post-Operative Complications Lindström D, Azodi OS, Wladis A, et al. Effects of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention on postoperative complications: A randomized trial. Ann Surgery. 2008;248(5):739-745. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948800 Møller AM, Villebro N, Pedersen T, Tønnesen H. Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: A randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9301):114-117. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809253 SCOAP SCOAP Collaborative, Writing Group for the SCOAP Collaborative, Kwon S, Florence M, et al. Creating a learning healthcare system in surgery: Washington State’s Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP) at 5 years. Surgery. 2012;151(2):146-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129638 Delirium Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, et al. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 1994;272:1518-1522. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136-148. Dasgupta M, Dumbrell AC. Preoperative risk assessment for delirium after noncardiac surgery: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1578-1589. Young J, Murthy L, Westby M, Akunne A, O'Mahony R; Guideline Development Group. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: Summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010;341:c3704. Fick DM, Semla TP. 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria: New year, new criteria, new perspective. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:614-615. Alagiakrishnan K, Wiens CA. An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. Postgrad Med J. 2004;80:388-393. Robinson TN, Eiseman B. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: Diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):351-355. Prehabilitation Carli F, Charlebois P, Stein B, et al. Randomized clinical trial of prehabilitation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2010;97(8):1187-1197. Nielsen PR1, Jørgensen LD, Dahl B, Pedersen T, Tønnesen H. Prehabilitation and early rehabilitation after spinal surgery: Randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24:137-148. Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:901-908. Polanczyk CA, Marcantonio E, Goldman L, et al. Impact of age on perioperative complications and length of stay in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:637-643. Wynter-Blyth V, Moorthy K. Prehabilitation: Preparing patients for surgery. BMJ. 2017;358:j3702.