Checklist References

Screening for Malnutrition

• Mueller C, Compher C, Ellen DM, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N) Board of Directors. ASPEN Clinical Guidelines: Nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention in adults. JPEN. 2011;35(1):16-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224430

Risk stratification with Albumin

• Hennessey DB, Burke JP, Ni-Dhonochu T, Shields C, Winter DC, Mealy K. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for the development of surgical site infection following gastrointestinal surgery: A multi-institutional study. Ann Surg. 2010; 252(2):325-329. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647925
• Gibbs J, Cull W, Henderson W, Daley J, Hur K, Khuri SF. Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of operative mortality and morbidity: Results from the National VA Surgical Risk Study. Arch Surg. 1999; 134:36-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927128

Benefits of Immunonutrition

• Drover JW, Dhaliwal R, Weitzel L, Wischmeyer PE, Ochoa JB, Heyland DK. Perioperative use of arginine-supplemented diets: A systemic review of the evidence. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(3):385-399. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247782
• Marimuthu K, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of the effect of combinations of immune modulating nutrients on outcome in patients undergoing major open gastrointestinal surgery. Ann Surg. 2012; 255(6):1060-1068. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549749

• Vastag B. Health Agencies Update—Prediabetes screening urged. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2494. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194917
• American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33 Suppl 1:S11-S61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20042772
• Joshi GP, Chung F, Vann MA, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia consensus statement on perioperative blood glucose management in diabetic patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(6):1378-1387. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889933
• Loh-Trivedi M. Perioperative management of the diabetic patient. Medscape, updated Mar 29, 2011. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/284451-overview#showall
• Dhatariya K, Levy N, Kilvet A, et al. NHS Diabetes guidelines for the perioperative management of the adult patient with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2012;29(4):420-433. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288687
• Hirsch IB, McGill JB, Cryer PE, White PF. Perioperative management of surgical patients with diabetes mellitus. Anesthesiology. Feb 1991;74(2):346-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990909

Bleeding Risks

• Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141 (2): e326S-e350S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315266
• Hall R and Mazer CD. Antiplatelet drugs: a review of their pharmacology and management in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg. 2011;112:292-318. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212258

Beta-Blockers

• Kwon S, Thompson R, Florence M, et al. β-blocker continuation after noncardiac surgery: A report from the surgical care and outcomes assessment program. Arch Surg. 2012;147(5):467-473. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249847

Aspirin Use

• Gerstein NS, Schulan PM, Gerstein WH, et al. Should more patients continue aspiring therapy perioperatively?: Clinical impact of aspirin withdrawal syndrome. Ann Surg. 2012;255(5):811-819. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470078

Herbal Supplements

• Qato DM, Alexander GC, Conti RM, Johnson M, Schumm P, Lindau ST. Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2867-2878. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109115
• Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan C. Herbal medicines and perioperative care. JAMA. 2001;286:208-216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11448284

Smoking and Increased Postoperative Risks

• Hawn MT, Houston TK, Campagna EJ, et al. The attributable risk of smoking on surgical complications. Ann Surg. 2011;254(6):914–920. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21869677
• Turan A, Mascha EJ, Roberman D, et al. Smoking and perioperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(4):837–846. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372682

Smoking and Spine Surgery

• Pearson A, Lurie J, Tosteson T, et al. Who should have surgery for an intervertebral disc herniation? Comparative effectiveness evidence from the spine patient outcomes research trial. Spine. 2012;37(2):140-149. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681140
• Pearson A, Lurie J, Tosteson T, Zhao W, Abdu W, Weinstein JN. Who should have surgery for spinal stenosis? Treatment effect predictors in SPORT. Spine. 2012;37(21):1791-1802. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23018805
• Sandén B, Försth P, Michaëlsson K. Smokers show less improvement than nonsmokers two years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 4555 patients from the Swedish spine register. Spine. 2011;36(13):1059-1064. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224770
• Andersen T, Christensen FB, Laursen M, Høy K, Hansen ES, Bünger C. Smoking as a predictor of negative outcome in lumbar spinal fusion. Spine. 2001;26(23):2623-2628. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11725245

Safety of Smoking in the Preoperative Setting

• Shi Y, Warner DO. Brief preoperative smoking abstinence: is there a dilemma? Anesth Analg. 2011;113(6):1348-1351. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965356
• Wong J, Lam DP, Abrishami A, Chan MTV, Chung F. Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anesth, 2011;59(3):268-279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22187226
• Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2011;124(2):144-154.e8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295194

Preoperative Smoking Cessation Programs Reduce Post-Operative Complications

• Lindström D, Azodi OS, Wladis A, et al. Effects of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention on postoperative complications: A randomized trial. Ann Surgery. 2008;248(5):739-745. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948800
• Møller AM, Villebro N, Pedersen T, Tønnesen H. Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: A randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9301):114-117. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809253

• SCOAP Collaborative, Writing Group for the SCOAP Collaborative, Kwon S, Florence M, et al. Creating a learning healthcare system in surgery: Washington State’s Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP) at 5 years. Surgery. 2012;151(2):146-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129638

• Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, et al. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 1994;272:1518-1522.
• American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. Postoperative delirium in older adults: Best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(2):136-148.
• Dasgupta M, Dumbrell AC. Preoperative risk assessment for delirium after noncardiac surgery: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1578-1589.
• Young J, Murthy L, Westby M, Akunne A, O'Mahony R; Guideline Development Group. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: Summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010;341:c3704.
• Fick DM, Semla TP. 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria: New year, new criteria, new perspective. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:614-615.
• Alagiakrishnan K, Wiens CA. An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. Postgrad Med J. 2004;80:388-393.
• Robinson TN, Eiseman B. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: Diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):351-355.

• Carli F, Charlebois P, Stein B, et al. Randomized clinical trial of prehabilitation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2010;97(8):1187-1197.
• Nielsen PR1, Jørgensen LD, Dahl B, Pedersen T, Tønnesen H. Prehabilitation and early rehabilitation after spinal surgery: Randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24:137-148.
• Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:901-908.
• Polanczyk CA, Marcantonio E, Goldman L, et al. Impact of age on perioperative complications and length of stay in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:637-643.
• Wynter-Blyth V, Moorthy K. Prehabilitation: Preparing patients for surgery. BMJ. 2017;358:j3702.